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- Voltaire's Candide is a philosophical tale of one man's search
- for true happiness and his ultimate acceptance of life's
- disappointments. Candide grows up in the Castle of Westfalia and
- is taught by the learned philosopher Dr. Pangloss. Candide is
- abruptly exiled from the castle when found kissing the Baron's
- daughter, Cunegonde. Devastated by the separation from Cunegonde,
- his true love, Candide sets out to different places in the hope of
- finding her and achieving total happiness. The theme of Candide is
- that one must strive to overcome adversity and not passively accept
- it in the belief that all is for the best.
- Candide's misfortune begins when he is kicked out of the
- castle and experiences a series of horrible events. Candide is
- unable to see anything positive in his ordeals, contrary to Dr.
- Pangloss' teachings that there is a cause for all effects and that,
- though we might not understand it, everything is all for the good.
- Candide's endless trials begin when he is forced into the army
- simply because he is the right height, five feet five inches. In
- the army he is subjected to endless drills and humiliations and is
- almost beaten to death. Candide escapes and, after being degraded
- by good Christians for being an anti-Christ, meets a diseased
- beggar who turns out to be Dr. Pangloss. Dr. Pangloss informs him
- that Bulgarian soldiers attacked the castle of Westfalia and killed
- Cunegonde - more misery!
- A charitable Anabaptist gives both Candide and Dr. Pangloss
- money and assistance. Dr. Pangloss is cured of his disease, losing
- one of his eyes and one of his ears. The Anabaptist takes them
- with him on a journey to Lisbon. While aboard the ship, the
- Anabaptist falls overboard in the process of rescuing a crew
- member. Candide finds it more and more difficult to accept Dr.
- Pangloss' principle that all is for the best.
- In Lisbon there is an earthquake which kills thousands of
- people, throwing the city into ruins. Later, Dr. Pangloss is hung
- as part of an auto-de-fe. Candide is miraculously taken in by an
- old woman and is brought to his love, Cunegonde. She tells him of
- the torture she suffered and how she barely survived. She further
- explains that she was "shared" by a Jew named Don Issachar and the
- Grand Inquisitor. Candide kills the two men and escapes with
- Cunegonde and the old woman.
- At this point we begin to see Candide struggling and fighting
- to make his existence worthwhile, in the hope that he and Cunegonde
- would marry and live happily ever after. We saw Candide taking
- matters into his own hands, instead of accepting his fate, when he
- killed Cunegonde's two lovers. At this point one begins to see his
- maturity from a naive young man into a realist.
- Candide's travels take him to "the new world" where he hopes
- that Dr. Pangloss' theory might be justified. Candide finds people
- of wealth who are bored and still unhappy. When he finds a nation
- of happy people he learns that they must be secluded from the rest
- of the world to preserve their happiness. Cunegonde leaves Candide
- for a man of wealth but that turns out to be the beginning of her
- ruin. Candide is robbed of great wealth and, when he tries to help
- others, he finds that they are not appreciative of his efforts.
- Candide's doubts about Dr. Pangloss' theory continue to grow. He
- learns to make his own happiness, battling hardships.
- At the end of the book, Candide is reunited with Dr. Pangloss
- who gave Candide details of how he survived his hanging. They go
- off in search of formerly beautiful Cunegonde who had become fat,
- ugly and bitter. Nevertheless, he had vowed to marry her and so he
- does. The reader might expect that now Candide would be happy,
- having realized his dream of marrying his own true love, Cunegonde
- and being reunited with his teacher and mentor, Dr. Pangloss.
- Candide is not happy! He no longer loves Cunegonde and no longer
- believes in the principles of his teacher.
- Throughout Voltaire's Candide we see how accepting a situation
- and not trying to change or overcome obstacles is damaging. What
- comes to mind, for me, is the attitude of many Jews during the
- Holocaust. While there was mass murder and torture of innocent
- people the world's countries did nothing. Even the victims
- themselves rarely fought against the tyranny. If only people
- accepted that they have the power, in many instances, to influence
- their fate, not accept reality, waiting for things to change,
- history might have turned out differently. We learn that in life
- there will be many obstacles which can and should be overcome.
- Life has its struggles but it would be a miserable place if people
- passively accepted that everything was for the best, shrugging off
- responsibility. We see, in contrast to Dr. Pangloss, Odysseus in
- Homer's The Odyssey, is a man of great courage who masters all
- situations and even searches for new adventures and challenges.
- Voltaire believes that people should not allow themselves to
- be victims. He sneers at naive, accepting types, informing us that
- people must work (be active) to make their happiness.
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- CANDIDE
- by Voltaire
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- 9J
- January 30, 1992
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